Ingredient Substitutions
There was a time when I was always looking for ingredient substitutions – I didn’t always have the right ingredient in my pantry and was looking for what I else I could use. Well, over time, I ended up gathering together quite a list and I wanted to share it. I’m still adding to this as I find new substitutions, so if there’s one that should be added, leave a comment and I’ll add it in.
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<strong>Amount</strong>
</p>
</th>
<th width="58%">
<strong>Substitute</strong>
</th>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
any amount
</p>
</td>
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Flavored liqueurs, extracts can be substituted if you make up the balance of the liquid with water. I.e. 2 tbsp = 1/2 tsp of orange extract; It is important to keep the volume of liquid in the recipe the same as originally called for.
</td>
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<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
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1/2 tsp cinnamon + 1/2 tsp ground cloves
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1-1/3 cups
</p>
</td>
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1-3/4 cups ground blanched almonds + 1-1/2 cups powdered sugar + 1 egg white + 1 tsp almond extract + 1/4 tsp salt
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 lb
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3/4 to 1 cup shelled
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
3/4 tsp
</p>
</td>
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1 tsp baking soda
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
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Mix 1/2 tsp ground cinnamon, 1/4 tsp ground ginger, 1/8 tsp ground allspice and 1/8 tsp ground nutmeg
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp cornstarch, potato starch or rice starch -OR- 2 tbsp all purpose flour
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
2 cups
</p>
</td>
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Mix 1-3/4 cups all-purpose flour, 2-1/2 tsp baking powder and 3/4 tsp salt. Cut in 1/3 cup shortening until mixture looks like fine crumbs
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
</td>
<td width="58%">
There is NO substitute for baking soda
</td></tr>
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Balsamic vinegar
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp sherry or cider vinegar
</td>
</tr>
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<td width="27%">
Bay leaf
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 whole
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/4 tsp crushed
</td>
</tr>
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<td width="27%">
Breadcrumbs – dry
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/4 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/4 cup finely crushed cracker crumbs, corn flakes, or quick-cooking or old-fashioned oats
</td>
</tr>
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<td width="27%">
Broth – chicken, beef, or vegetable
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tsp (or 1 cube) chicken, beef or vegetable bouillon granules dissolved in 1 cup boiling water
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Butter
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup margarine -OR- 7/8 cup shortening and 1/2 tsp salt
</td>
</tr>
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<td width="27%">
Buttermilk
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp lemon juice or white vinegar + enough milk to make 1 cup -OR- 1 tbsp vinegar + sweet milk to make 1 cup -OR- 2/3 cup plain yogurt + 1/3 cup sweet milk
</td>
</tr>
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<td width="27%">
Capers
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp chopped green olives
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Carob
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
3 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3 tbsp cocoa and 1 tbsp shortening
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Carob Powder
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp cocoa powder (either natural or Dutch-processed)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Chili Sauce
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup tomato sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 tbsp vinegar, 1/4 tsp cinnamon, dash of ground cloves and dash of allspice
</td>
</tr>
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<td width="27%">
Chives (finely chopped)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
2 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
2 tsp green onion tops finely chopped
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Chocolate – semi-sweet
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 square (1oz)
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3 tbsp chocolate chips -OR- 1 square (1oz) unsweetened chocolate + 1 tbsp sugar
</td>
</tr>
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<td width="27%">
Chocolate – sweet baking (German)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
4oz
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/4 cup unsweetened cocoa powder + 1/3 cup sugar
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Chocolate – unsweetened
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1oz
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3 tbsp cocoa + 1 tbsp butter or regular margarine or vegetable oil
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Chocolate chips – semi-sweet
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1oz
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1oz sweet cooking chocolate chopped
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Chocolate chips – semi-sweet, melted
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
6oz pkg
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
2 squares unsweetened chocolate, 2 tbsp shortening and 1/2 cup sugar
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cocoa
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/4 cup or 4 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1oz chocolate (decrease fat in recipe by 1/2 tbsp)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Coffee
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/2 cup strong brewed
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/2 cup hot water and 1 tsp instant coffee granules
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
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Corn syrup – dark
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup light corn syrup -OR- 3/4 cup light corn syrup + 1/4 cup molasses -OR- 1 cup maple-flavored syrup
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Corn syrup – light
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cups sugar + 1/4 cups water
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cornstarch
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
2 tbsp all-purpose flour
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream – clotted
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup crème fraîche -OR- 1 cup mascarpone cheese -OR- 1 cup heavy whipping cream (35%), whipped
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream – coconut
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup whipping cream1 cup canned coconut cream -OR- 1 cup top layer of canned coconut milk (not low fat) (do not shake or stir can before skimming) -OR- 1 cup heavy whipping cream (35%) + 1/2 cup coconut cream powder
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream – coffee cream (20% fat)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3 tbsp butter + 7/8 cup milk
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream – crème fraîche
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup sour cream -OR- 1 cup whipping cream + 1 tbsp buttermilk or yogurt -OR- ½ cup whipping cream + 1/2 cup sour cream -OR- 1 cup mascarpone cheese
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream – heavy
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3/4 cup milk and 1/3 cup butter or margarine (only for use in cooking and baking)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream – light
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3/4 cup milk and 3 tbsp butter or margarine (only for use in cooking and baking) -OR- 1 cup evaporated milk
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream – whipping (40% fat)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/3 cup butter + 3/4 cup milk
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream – whipping (unwhipped)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup UNWHIPPED whipping cream expands to 2 cups when WHIPPED — I.e., if your recipe called for 1 cup of cream to make whipped cream, you could substitute 2 cups of an already whipped product
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream – whipping (whipped)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup frozen (thawed) whipped topping -OR- 1 cup prepared whipped topping mix
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Cream of Tartar
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/2 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/2 tsp white vinegar or lemon juice
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Currants
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup raisins -OR- 1 cup chopped dates -OR- 1 cup other dried fruit (cranberries, cherries, blueberries)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Currant Jelly
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
</td>
<td width="58%">
rape jelly -OR- 3 parts apple jelly plus 1 part lemon juice -OR- muscadine jelly
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Egg white
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 white
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
2 tsp sifted dry egg white powder with 2 tbsp water
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Eggs
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 large
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
2 egg whites -OR- 1/4 cup egg product -OR- 2 egg yolks + 1 tbsp water (for cookies and bars)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Flour – wheat
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
7/8 cup all purpose flour + 2 tbsp wheat germ -OR- 1 cup graham flour
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Flour – all purpose
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup sifted
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup and 2 tbsp cake flour -OR- 1 cup minus 2 tbsp unsifted all-purpose flour -OR- 1 cup rice flour
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Flour – cake
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3/4 cup all purpose flour + 2 tbsp cornstarch
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Flour – self rising
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup minus 2 tsp all purpose flour + 1-1/2 tsp baking powder + 1/4 tsp salt
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Garlic (finely chopped)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 medium clove
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/8 tsp garlic powder -OR- 1/4 tsp instant minced garlic
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Ginger root (grated or finely chopped)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3/4 tsp ground ginger
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Herbs – fresh
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tsp dried herbs
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Honey
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1-1/4 cups sugar + 1/4 cup water or apple juice
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Italian seasonings
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1-1/2 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/4 tsp each dried marjoram, oregano + basil plues 1/8 tsp sage
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Ketchup (for cooking)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup tomato sauce, 1/2 cup sugar and 2 tbsp vinegar
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Leeks (sliced)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/2 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/2 cup sliced shallots or green onions
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Lemon
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 piece
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3 tbsp lemon juice -OR- 1 tsp grated peel
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Lemon – zest
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1-2 tsp fresh grated lemon peel -OR- 1/2 tsp lemon extract
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Lemon juice (fresh)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp bottled lemon juice or white vinegar
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Lime – zest
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tsp lemon or orange
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Lime juice, freshly squeezed
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp lemon or orange juice
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Maple syrup
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup honey -OR- 3/4 cup corn syrup + 1/4 cup butter + 1/2 tsp maple extract (optional)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Marshmallows, Miniature
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
10 large marshmallows
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Marzipan
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
2-1/2 cups
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
2 cups almond paste + 1 cup powdered sugar + 2 tbsp light corn syrup
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Mascarpone cheese
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup Crème fraîche -OR- 3/4 cup cream cheese beaten with 1/4 cup heavy whipping cream (35%)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Mayonnaise
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup sour cream -OR- 1 cup yogurt — For use in salads and salad dressings
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Milk – buttermilk or sour
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup plain yogurt -OR- 1 cup whole milk and 1 tbsp lemon juice
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Milk – coconut
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup canned coconut milk (not low fat) -OR- 3 tbsp canned cream of coconut + enough hot water or milk to equal 1 cup -OR- 1/4 cup coconut cream powder + 1 cup hot water or milk
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Milk – evaporated
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup half & half (10-12%) -OR- 1 cup light or table cream (20%) -OR- 1 cup light (30%) or heavy whipping cream (35%)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Milk – nut
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup cow’s milk
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Milk – regular or low-fat
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water -OR- nonfat dry milk prepared as directed on package
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Milk – rice
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup cow’s milk
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Milk – soy
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup cow’s milk
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Milk – sweetened condensed
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 can
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
Heat and stir 1/3 cup and 2 tbsp evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar and 3 tbsp butter until sugar has dissolved.
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Molasses
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/2 to 1 cup honey (flavor will be milder) -OR- 1 cup dark corn syrup -OR- 1 cup maple syrup -OR- 3/4 cup light or dark brown sugar heated to dissolve in 1/4 cup liquid
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Mushrooms (fresh)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup cooked, sliced
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 (4oz) can mushroom stems and pieces, drained
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Mustard – ground
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp prepared mustard
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Oil
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup applesauce; for cake and cookie recipes
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Onion
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 small or 1/4 cup chopped, fresh onion
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp instant minced onion — Dried onion may be added directly to moist foods such as soups, gravies, sauces and salad dressings. You may need to rehydrate it with a little water before adding it to drier food
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Orange
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 piece
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/3 cup juice -OR- 2 tsp grated peel
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Orange – zest (grated)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tsp dried orange peel -OR- 1 tsp lemon or lime zest -OR- 1 tsp finely chopped candied orange peel
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Orange juice, freshly squeezed
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup reconstituted frozen concentrate
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Polenta, dry
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup cornmeal -OR- 1 cup maize meal -OR- 1 cup corn grits
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Poultry seasoning
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/4 tsp ground thyme + 3/4 tsp ground sage
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Pumpkin pie spice
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
Mix 1/2 tsp ground cinnamon, 1/4 tsp ground ginger, 1/8 tsp ground allspice and 1/8 tsp ground nutmeg
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Raisins
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup dried currants -OR- 1 cup pitted chopped dates -OR- 1 cup dried fruit, finely chopped (cherries, cranberries, blueberries, etc.)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Red pepper sauce
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
3 or 4 drops
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/8 tsp ground red pepper (cayenne)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Ricotta cheese
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup cottage cheese + 1 Tbsp skim milk
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Rose Water
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tsp any flower-based water
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Rum
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
any amount
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 part rum extract + 3 parts water — I.e.: for 1/4 cup rum, substitute 1 tbsp rum extract + 3 tbsp water.
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Saffron
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tsp tumeric
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Sesame seed
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp finely chopped blanched almonds
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Shortening, melted
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup cooking oil
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Shortening, solid
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1-1/8 cup butter or margarine (decrease salt in recipe by 1/2 tsp)
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Sour cream
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup yogurt -OR- mix together 3/4 cup milk, 3/4 tsp lemon juice and 1/2 cup butter
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Soy sauce
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 tbsp
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 tbsp teriyaki Sauce
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Sugar – brown (packed)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
3/4 cup granulated sugar + 1/4 cup molasses
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Sugar – confectioners’ or powdered
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup granulated sugar + 1 tbsp cornstarch — Process in a food processor using the metal blade attachment until it’s well blended and powdery.
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Sugar – maple (finely grated)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/2 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup maple syrup (reduce liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup) -OR- 3/4 cup granulated white sugar + 1 tsp pure maple extract
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Sugar (packed)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup light brown sugar (packed) or 2 cups powdered sugar
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Tomato juice
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/2 cup tomato sauce + 1/2 cup water
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Tomato paste
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/2 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup tomato sauce cooked uncovered to reduce to 1/2 cup
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Tomato sauce
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
6 tbsp tomato paste and 1/2 water
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Tomato soup
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
10-3/4 oz can
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup tomato sauce + 1/4 cup water
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Tomatoes (canned)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
about 1-1/3 cups cut-up fresh tomatoes, simmered 10 minutes
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Treacle
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup light or dark corn syrup -OR- 1 cup light molasses
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Vinegar – apple cider
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/4 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/4 cup white vinegar
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Vinegar – white
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/4 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/4 cup apple cider vinegar -OR- 1/3 cup lemon juice
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Walnuts – unshelled
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 lb
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1-1/2 to 1-3/4 cups shelled
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Water
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
3/4 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup cow’s milk
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Wine – red
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup apple cider, grape juice or cranberry juice
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Wine – white
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup apple juice, apple cider, white grape juice or chicken broth
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Wine in desserts
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/2 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/2 cup fruit juice
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Wine in savory recipes
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1/2 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1/2 cup chicken broth
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Yeast – compressed
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
3/5 oz
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 package (1/4oz) active dry yeast -OR- 2-1/2 tsp loose active dry yeast
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Yeast – regular or quick active dry)
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 (1/4oz) pkg
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
2-1/4 tsp regular or quick active dry -OR- 1 (o.6oz) compressed cake yeast
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td width="27%">
Yogurt – plain
</td>
<td width="15%">
<p align="center">
1 cup
</p>
</td>
<td width="58%">
1 cup buttermilk -OR- 1 cup sour cream
</td>
</tr></tbody> </table>